¹Department of Information Technology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, 163 Horreya Avenue. El Shatby 21526. P.O. Box 832. Alexandria. Egypt.
²Department of Material Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria, Egypt.

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Abstract—With the development of the Internet and wide applications of databases, the database providers are worried about their ownership of the databases. Database watermarking is an efficient method for database security, without affecting the usability of the data. Initially, most of the research effort in this field was depending on distortion based watermark, by introducing small changes in the underlying data of the database during embedding phase, while the few remaining studies concentrated on distortion-free. But there are many disadvantages in previous studies in distortion-free watermarking area; most notably some rely on adding watermark as an extra attributes or tuples which increase the size of the database. Hence, the ability to destroy the watermark by the attacker is enlarged because the watermark was added inside the database itself. Other techniques such as permutation and abstract interpretation framework require much effort to verify the watermark. The idea of this research is to apply the distortion free one hundred percent by adding the watermark as fake tuples in a separate file not within the database. The proposed system utilizes the GA, which boils down its role to create the values of the fake tuples which formed the watermark to be the closest to real values. So that it's very hard to any attacker to guess the watermark. The proposed watermark achieves more imperceptibility and security. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm is feasible, effective and robust against all kinds of attacks.

Index Terms—Databases copyright protection, genetic algorithm, database watermarking, content integrity.

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Cite: Saad M. Darwish, Hosam A. Selim, Mohamed M. Elsherbiny, "Distortion Free Database Watermarking System Based on Intelligent Mechanism for Content Integrity and Ownership Control," Journal of Computers vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1053-1066, 2018.